The mercury lamp was the first kind of metal vapour light source that was. These early low pressure lamps used a lot of mercury, todays lamps use a tiny amount of mercury. Lowpressure amalgam lamps amalgam lamps use a mercury amalgam mix to control mercury vapor pressure. The tube consists of a mixture of argon gas and mercury vapor at low pressure and the wall of the ballast is meant to control the current and voltage flow due to the emission. Chapter low pressure discharge lamps slide 7 incoherent light sources prof. Nyc subways were still using original mercury arc rectifiers to convert ac to dc power up until the end of the 20th century. So if the lamp is connected directly to a constantvoltage source like the mercury vapor lamp ballasts are similar to the ballasts used with fluorescent lamps. A sodiumvapor lamp is a gasdischarge lamp that uses sodium in an excited state to produce light at a characteristic wavelength near 589 nm two varieties of such. Hps retrofits for mercury lamps, and will operate on all mercury reactor ballasts. Fluorescent lamps tubes and compacts contain low pressure mercury vapor gas. Low pressure mercury lamps have been manufactured in jelight company inc. If you are doing a capital project, see the fluorescent lamps recycling web page. Introduction this technical statement is intended to advise specifiers and users of the relative merits of the various high intensity discharge lamps and control gear options that will provide the best economic and light technical benefits for their installations.
The lamps are recyclable unless the lamp is broken. Low pressure uv lamps alphacure uv lamp manufacturer. It is important to use a lamp that emits uvc, also termed far uv, deep uv, or vacuum ultraviolet, vuv. These lamps are usually lowpressure mercury vapor lamps. They emit a characteristic monochromatic yellow light that is ideal for certain exterior street and area lighting applications. The tube consists of a mixture of argon gas and mercury vapor at lowpressure and the wall of the ballast is meant to control the current and voltage flow due to the emission. A fluorescent lamp tube is filled with a gas containing low pressure mercury vapor and argon, xenon, neon, or krypton.
Mercury vapor lamps are highintensity discharge lamps that predate modern high pressure sodium and metal halide lamps. The first practical mercury lamp was the cooperhewitt lamp developed by peter cooper hewitt in 1901. For more information on how to recycle whole or unbroken fluorescent and other mercurycontaining lamps, see. Germicidal power october 23, 2015 an005 low pressure mercury lamps emit a single output at 253. X record keeping is also required for offsite disposal. Mercury use in lighting summarizes the use of mercury in lighting devices.
Even with low intensity uv sources, cures can be obtained quickly. Mercury calibration lamps are small, rugged, and easy to use. These pencil lamps have a spectral emission characteristic of a. Low pressure sodium lamps thus, this is all about different types of lights or lamps which are used for indication purpose in electronic project kits, and in lighting systems as well. Lowpressure signifies the pressure of the mercury in the lamp, which is typically. Germicidal power october 23, 2015 an005 lowpressure mercury lamps emit a single output at 253. The lamp is constructed from a hollow glass tube with an aluminium cap at each end. The irradiances of 37 spectral lines eitted by mercury pencil type lamps were measured by comparison with calibrated continuum sources. In gas discharge lamps, light is generated primarily by an electrically excited plasma. New life extended low pressure mercury lamps a new technology has allowed to manufacture low pressure mercury.
Highpressure mercury lamps installed at most fluorescence microscopes are not suitable because they do not emit the short wavelengths needed for this lithography. The analysis of modern low pressure amalgam characteristics. However, the japanese specifications supercede the western ones in performances. Within the tube are two electrode coils, one at either end.
Two centuries of electric light source innovations pdf. Rather than a cold spot, the lamps amalgam spot on pellet regulates mercury vapor pressure during operation and yields up to three times the uvc output. These offer specific wavelength emission and provide wavelengths not available with the medium pressure mercury or led light sources. The output wavelengths are known exactly and are ideal for spectral calibration. Such lamps generate an atmosphere of mercury vapour at high pressure.
Mercury use in lighting this fact sheet summarizes the use of mercury in lighting devices, such as fluorescent lamps, high intensity discharge hid lamps e. When a mercury vapor lamp is first turned on, it will produce a dark blue glow because only a small amount of the mercury is ionized and the gas pressure in the arc tube is very low, so much of the light is produced in the ultraviolet mercury bands. Recycling used mercurycontaining lamps fluorescent lamps tubes and compacts contain low pressure mercury vapor gas. Jelight company also produces super high pressure mercury lamps or short arc lamps. High pressure mercury lamps for general lighting applications operate in the pressure range above point d, typically around 4,000 to 8,000 torr 510 atmospheres pressure.
Oct 14, 2014 high pressure mercury lamps are available in versions where the discharge takes place in vaporized mercury only and in versions in which metal halides are added so that the discharge takes place in mercury vapor and in vaporized metals from the metalhalide components 2, 3. Because the lamps operate at low pressure, well spaced, intrinsically narrow and bright mercury emission lines dominate the output spectrum. Son son high pressure sodium philips philips lighting. The uv source in low pressure mercury lamps and amalgam. Low pressure amalgam lamps amalgam lamps use a mercury amalgam mix to control mercury vapor pressure. Mercuryvapor lamp an overview sciencedirect topics. Each lamp can have an average of 5,000 to 6,000 hours of effective life span depending to the lamps wattage and the conditions at which is used. When used properly, they are very stable lamps and maintain a high output of ultraviolet radiation over several thousand hours. It includes information on the total amount of mercury in all lamp products that were sold in the u. This lamp is based on a standard close to the global standard for low pressure mercury lamps made in europe and the united states.
Aug 20, 2016 a fluorescent lamp tube is filled with a gas containing low pressure mercury vapor and argon, xenon, neon, or krypton. Amalgam lamps use a mercury amalgam mix to control mercury vapor pressure. The average life of tube lights is about 5000 hours and also they are very cheap, hence they are very popular. Energysaving fluorescent lamps to low mercury fluorescent lamps in wattage and average life, both are comparable with each other with wattage at 3234 watts and an average life of 15,00020,000 hours for the 48inch lamps.
Mercury vapour lamps dealing with breakages some items of laboratory equipment contain mercury vapour lamps to generate uv light. With increasing mercury vapour pressure, the efficiency of the production. This lamp is based on a standard close to the global standard for lowpressure mercury lamps made in europe and the united states. However, the first low pressure lamps were sold commercially in the united states in 1901 after john cooper hewitt innovated the lamp s color.
A common discharge lighting luminary for use in an office environment would typically be a low pressure mercury vapour electronic discharge fluorescent lamp. Investigating the spectrum of a high pressure mercury lamp experiment objectives observe spectral lines on a screen determine wavelength using the littrow configuration investigate and measure differences in wavelength between lines that are close together observe pressure broadening 308 principles. Figure 1 illustrates the construction of a typical modern high pressure mercury lamp. For the 14 most prominent lines the absolute irradiances should be useful for radiometric calibration at an uncertainty level of 15% 95% confidence.
Highpressure mercury lamps are available in versions where the discharge takes place in vaporized mercury only and in versions in which metal halides are added so that the discharge takes place in mercury vapor and in vaporized metals from the metalhalide components 2, 3. Atmospheric pressure radical induced oxidative cleavage of. Low pressure mercury fluorescent lamps are commonly called tube lights. Device codes and rated lighting system wattage table retrofit. Bx biax twin tube lamp elig electronic ballast std standard ballast or lamp hw hard wire fixture lpf low power ballast factor lamp eemag energyefficient magnetic hpf high power ballast factor 1. Shop online for a wide selection of uvp standard mercury penray models lowpressure mercury gaseous discharge handheld lamps are ideal for small apertures requiring spectroscopic. Super high pressure mercury lamps jelight company, inc. The mechanism of uvozone cleaning the lowpressure mercury discharge tubes generate two wavelengths of interest, 184. It is hypothesized that oh or o cleaves the disulfide bond creating a thiol and sulfinyl radical.
Uv germicidal low pressure mercuryarc grm ushio america. Mechanism experiments indicate that the 185 nm emission from the lamp photodissociates molecular oxygen inducing radical reactions. Low pressure mercury fluorescent lamps or tube lights. In case of fluorescent lamp the mercury vapour pressure is maintained at lower level such that 60% of the total input energy gets converted into 253. The tube contains a few milligrams of mercury and around 2550 torr of pure argon as a buffer gas to carry the discharge while the lamp warms up, producing.
Right around 1900 the mercury arc rectifier was developed, this luminous device was very important for power conversion. A sodiumvapor lamp is a gasdischarge lamp that uses sodium in an excited state to produce light at a characteristic wavelength near 589 nm two varieties of such lamps exist. Rather than a cold spot, the lamp s amalgam spot on pellet regulates mercury vapor pressure during operation and yields up to three times the uvc output of a standard low pressure mercury lamp of the same length. If a lamp breaks, ventilate the room for 30 minutes and remove the parts, preferably with gloves. Low pressure mercury lamp in addition to the medium pressure mercury and led light sources, vapourtec also offer three low pressure mercury lamps. Online chemical waste collection request or a chemical collection request form pdf. What are the different types of lights in lighting system. Rather than a cold spot, the lamps amalgam spot on pellet regulates mercury vapor pressure during operation and yields up to three times the uvc output of a standard low pressure mercury lamp of the same length. Again transition of the electrons requires least amount of input energy from a colliding electron. It is used for water treatments, uvozone cleaning andor ozone generation. Super high pressure mercury capillary flash lamps are used in a variety of applications due to the fact that they provide a high intensity source of both visible and ultraviolet radiation. Device codes and rated lighting system wattage table. At the heart of the lamp is an arc tube which is fabricated from quartz, with a tungsten electrode disposed at either end.
Pdf the mercury vapor lamp is the oldest high intensity discharge technology lamp that uses an electric arc. Designed by experienced engineers, and by using quality material in combination with a tightly controlled manufacturing process, we provide high quality lamps free of impurities to maintain strong and stable output throughout life of the lamp. Mercury vapor lamps are highintensity discharge lamps that predate modern highpressure sodium and metal halide lamps. However, the first lowpressure lamps were sold commercially in the united states in 1901 after john cooper hewitt innovated the lamps color. Mercury vapor technology was developed throughout the 1800s in england and germany. Hach replacement uv for toc analyzers, arc imaging, chromatography, photochemistry, calibration of uv detectors, calibrations of spectrophotometer, and more. Pdf on mercury vapor lamps and their effect on the smartgrid plc. Low pressure sodium lamps are commonly used in places like roads, pathways, outdoor areas and parking lot wherein color is not important as such.
They are available in lengths from the very small at 150 mm to up to 2400 mm. However in the americas and asian countries its low system cost, long life and. The inner surface of the lamp is coated with a fluorescent and often slightly phosphorescent coating made of varying blends of metallic and rareearth. This was a tubular source about 4 feet long which produced light that was distinctly bluishgreen in color at a high efficacy compared with the incandescent lamps of those days. Definition of a plasma mixture of electrons, ions and neutral particles in different excited states and with strong. However, only the low mercury fluorescent lamps will pass the tclp test. Product information high pressure and specification. However, high pressure sodium, because of its high ef. No solvents or other volatiles are released during the curing process. Some items of laboratory equipment contain mercury vapour lamps to generate uv light. Investigating the spectrum of a high pressure mercury lamp. Applications for these lowwattage lamps include general.
For more information on how to recycle whole or unbroken fluorescent and other mercury containing lamps, see. Bx biax twin tube lamp elig electronic ballast std standard ballast or lamp hw hard wire fixture lpf low power ballast factor 1. Ushio germicidal lamps are low pressure mercury arc lamps that emit radiation peaking at 253. A mercuryvapor lamp is a gas discharge lamp that uses an electric arc through vaporized. The uv source in low pressure mercury lamps and amalgam lamps that are commonly used for disinfection is a low pressure arcdischarge in mercury and inert gas vapors. Ushio germicidal lamps are lowpressure mercuryarc lamps that emit radiation peaking at 253. They differ only in the source of mercury vapor mercury lamps use a small amount of liquid metallic mercury, while amalgam lamps. A common discharge lighting luminary for use in an office environment would typically be a lowpressure mercuryvapour electronic discharge fluorescent lamp. This is the maximum attainable for a low cost general lighting lamp and is not all that far away from the maximum point shown on the graph. The mechanism of uvozone cleaning the low pressure mercury discharge tubes generate two wavelengths of interest, 184. Sox low pressure sodium lamps sox lamps are the most efficient hid light source.
Engineering high intensity discharge bulletin mercury lamps. Standard lowpressure, lowintensity lamps typically have a power of 65 watts. Put them in a sealed plastic bag and take it to your local waste facilities for recycling. Shop online for a wide selection of uvp standard mercury penray models low pressure mercury gaseous discharge handheld lamps are ideal for small apertures requiring spectroscopic.
The inner arc tube is made of quartz to withstand the high temperatures, resulting when the lamp builds up to normal wattage. Uv lamps from senlights crystec technology trading gmbh. Recycling used mercury containing lamps fluorescent lamps tubes and compacts contain low pressure mercury vapor gas. A lamp breaking is extremely unlikely to have any impact on your health. These lamps have an operating lifetime of up to 12,000 hours and convert up to 40% of the lamps electrical power into uvc, offering an efficient and cost. In addition to the mercury, the tube is filled with argon gas at low pressure. This lamp consists of a quartz arc tube sealed within an outer glass jacket or bulb. A low pressure mercury lamp is one of the most popular discharge lamps in labs, frequently used for wavelength calibration of optical measuring instruments and as a disinfection lamp to sterilize workspace and tools used in. These high intensity uv line sources are specifically designed for pcb.
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